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News & Happenings: Business Gaurav SME Awards 2011 | Hosiery industry has travelled a long way | Ludhiana gets orders for making merchandise for WC, IPL-4 | Summer apparel to burn hole in pocket | Tex-Trends India 2011 |

Cluster Ecosystem

The main players of the knitwear cluster of Ludhiana are the exporter-manufacturers and domestic market focused manufacturers of knitwear products. The support and ancillary players that is Business Development Service Provider in the cluster include spinners, dyers, machinery manufacturers, machinery import agents, accessory suppliers, yarn dealers and merchant buyers etc. The technical support institutions include the local knitwear college, women polytechnic and industrial training institutes. The financial support institutions include developmental and commercial banks that have a direct stake in the growth of the cluster. Besides, there are various local industry associations of knitwear manufacturers, exporters, dyers and spinners that also form a part of the cluster.

ludhianabds.com Associations
There are several industry associations in Ludhiana, prominent among which are :
• Federation of Knitwear, Textiles and Allied Industries Association (FEKTA) :
It is an umbrella organization of 13 hosiery, knitters, dyeing and allied industries associations at Ludhiana, formed in December 2001 under the aegis of UNIDO for jointly lobbying with the government for the hosiery cluster. Its main objectives include Voicing Industry’s needs for formulation of industry beneficial policies and schemes, Facilitating business growth of the industry, Helping member associations for inputs, Shared Vision for development, Active participation of complete value chain for growth and development, Human Resource Development and R & D, Textile University & a Resource centre with a technical library and CAD/CAM, Export promotion, and Infrastructure development.

• Apparel Exporters Association of Ludhiana (APPEAL) : It has 22 core members and 65 associate members and is mainly in the area of exports. Created by UNIDO, it was established in September 1998 with the objective to serve as a springboard for the development of the industry by providing linkages to global market and to related private/public sector service providers. They organize buyer- seller meets for export houses/ agents at Ludhiana though these meets have not become popular among foreign buyers (principals). APPEAL is also running a garment stitching training centre at GPW for women.

• Knitwear Development Group (KNIDGRO) is another network created by UNIDO to cover the (upper-end) domestic sector of the industry. It was formed on 17 March 1998 with the objective of bringing the domestic manufacturers of the Ludhiana knitwear cluster on a common platform and ensuring its development in a cohesive manner.

• Knitwear Club: This club was set up in 1984 as a non-profit making body. The activities of the club are of socio-commercial nature. Problems of knitting industry related to fiscal, technical or commercial nature are highlighted on appropriate platforms and pursued with respective government agencies by the club. It has provided infrastructure and managerial support to the associations formed by UNIDO especially KNIDGRO. Even before linking up with UNIDO, Knitwear Club has been an active support association for the firms catering to the domestic market. However, the focus of its activities has been lobbying in the past.

• International Wool Secretariat (IWS): It is an international body of wool growers from Australia, South Africa and New Zealand. Its objective is to promote sales of wool by helping woolen industry to grow. It holds an annual national level wool meet that provides a show window to local firms, as foreign firms are also invited. The secretariat has its own brand name 'Woolmark' that it licenses for usage by firms after assessing their methods of production and usage of high quality wool. IWS also provides guidance on best manufacturing practices and supports industry by providing them with information on latest trends at international level with regard to fashion, marketing strategy and new technologies.

• Wool Club: Knitwear club has sponsored Wool Club (India) that is an association of 'Woolmark' licensees of the 'International Wool Secretariat', with headquarters in Melbourne. It controls and checks misuse of Woolmark label to protect consumer interests and also to assist the International Wool Secretariat to provide technical assistance to Indian Knitwear Industry, which also includes providing forecast on colors and fashion trends.

• Ready-made Hosiery Garment Manufacturers Association, Ludhiana: The activities of the association include organising small training and development programs and liaison with the government for various problems of 3000 odd small and medium units in the cluster.

• Bajwa Nagar Hosiery Association, Bajwa Nagar, Ludhiana: Bajwa Nagar association is a local body of the Hosiery manufacturers mainly form Bajwa Market. The main activities of the association include liaison with local administration on behalf of its members and to organise cultural programs. The association also participates in the various activities of the Knitwear club.

• Dyeing Associations: In the area of dyeing, there are many small associations. However, Ludhiana Dyeing Association (Cotton Division) is an active association of progressive dyers who keep upgrading themselves about environmental issues.

• Hosiery Machine Manufacturers Association: It is working for liaison of their members.
ludhianabds.com Other Government Institutions
• Wool and Woolen Export Promotion Council: It is a promotion council set up by the Government of India to encourage the exports of wool and woolen related products from India. There are around 300 members in the council with its local secretariat at Ludhiana. Major functions of the council include introduction of foreign businessmen to Indian exporters, assist foreign buyer in their visits to India, participate in leading international fairs in order to project the quality and variety of Indian woolen products. Besides, exploring foreign markets, and keeping track of international fashion trends and fashion-forecast etc. is also done by the Council.

• Apparel Export Promotion Council (AEPC): This is a promotional body set up by the Government of India, Ministry of Textiles. The institution is an active player in the Ludhiana hosiery cluster for distribution and assessment of export quotas of members. It also organises regular trade fairs and buyer-sellers meets to promote exports of garments. There are about 600 members of AEPC.

• District Industries Centre (DIC): This is a State Government body whose role is to register industries and provide various clearances to the industrial units. It is not active in assisting hosiery units and the expertise available with them is quite limited.

• Small Industries Service Institute (SISI): SISI, Ludhiana is one of the field offices of Small Industries Development Organisation (SIDO) working under the Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Rural and Agro Industries. It has been one of the main support institutions to the UNIDO cluster development programme.

• Punjab State Knitwear Development Center: The center was established in 1980-81 with an objective to link industry with the markets by introducing latest machinery and technical know how. The latest machinery was installed for knitting, dyeing, finishing, spinning and shrink resistance. The technology transfer was done under the project successfully to leading firms till the year 1991 -92. However for the last 3-4 years, this center is not functional. Now the center is undertaking some job work but has been declared as a non-viable unit by the state government awaiting its closure. Now Ludhiana hosiery industry has around 150 fully computerised machines.

• Quality Marketing Centre: It is a Punjab Government Laboratory for testing the composition and quality of yarns and fabrics. The lab is rendering some service to the hosiery units even though its technology and facilities are quite old. It desperately needs new testing facilities.

• Knitwear Facility Centre: This centre was started in 1985 by the Punjab Government with assistance from UNDP to provide latest technical know-how to the industry. Until 1991-92, the centre was successfully facilitating technology transfers and installing updated machinery for knitting, dyeing, finishing, spinning etc. to leading firms. But now due to a financial crunch, the centre is non-operational since past 7-8 years and is awaiting its closure.

• MBA-Punjab Agricultural University (PAU): MBA-PAU is associated with the knitwear cluster mainly through its consultancy services. A number of firms have been availing the services of the faculty of PAU MBA department even before UNIDO’s interventions began.
ludhianabds.com Financial Institutions
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) : SIDBI has been closely associated with the knitwear industry of Ludhiana. It has organised various training programmes for the cluster. Recognising the need to improve the productive efficiency of the textile-manufacturing units and to raise the quality of their output, a finance scheme called technologically Upgradation Funds Scheme (TUFS) was launched in April 1999. Though SIDBI has admitted to a limited role in supporting the associations formed by UNIDO it has shown its willingness to finance training programmes organised by these associations in future. For this project SIDBI is the Implementing Agency.

• Banks and Financial Institutions: Ludhiana is adequately covered by nationalised and private sector banks and financial institutions. The credit needs of the hosiery industry are sufficiently met by these institutions. Due to the presence of a good number of lenders, there is a healthy competition among various banks to grab good business from the industry.
ludhianabds.com Training Institutes
• Punjab Government Institute of Textile Chemistry and Knitting Technology: This institute was established in the year 1932 and provides three-year diploma course in knitting technology. Admission to this course is after Matriculation through the national level tests (JET). The students of this institute get recruitment as supervisors to junior management level in big or export oriented units. The total intake of the institute is 40 students a year, of which 90% of the seats are reserved for the students of Punjab State. There are no short-term courses for the owner managers or their employees presently working in the firms.

• Government Polytechnic for Women (GPW): Linkages with GPW were established solely through UNIDO’s efforts with the Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi. GPW has provided infrastructure support for the training of the women workers for the knitwear cluster. The role of GPW assumes significant importance in a cluster characterised by shortage of skilled workers. Till date, 83 students in six batches have been trained and almost all of them have been absorbed in the industry.

• Nishkam Seva Samiti (NSS): NSS is a non-government organisation and was identified by APPEAL for linking up rural women with the skill-training programme undertaken with GPW support.

• Government Institute of Chemical and Knitwear Technology (GICKT): It is a state government institute (an ITI) providing diploma courses for fresh students in the area of knitwear technology. This is the only institute providing courses specialized in the area of knitting. With the intervention of UNIDO, the state government had agreed for industry driven and monitored courses primarily for the workers in the industry. Such a short-term course has recently begun where 19 workers are undergoing professional training. The course is self-sponsored by the industry, mainly the exporters.

• Other Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs): The industrial training programme in the Punjab received an impetus under the Government of India’s Programme. The ITIs in Ludhiana Distt. provide technical guidance for starting new industries and imparting industrial training, are as under :
(i) Industrial Training Institute, Ludhiana
(ii) Ludhiana Government Industrial School for Boys, Ludhiana
(iii) Government Industrial School for Girls, Ludhiana
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